怎样使句子多样化

一篇好文章的条件很多。除了内容丰富和组织紧密之外，词汇的运用和句子的处理，也起着决定性作 用。

句子可长可短，同一件事，可以用不同的句式表达。如果句子清一色是简单句，文章必定很单调乏 味。如果全篇充满了冗长的复杂句，读起来也很费力。最好的方法是以简单句为基础，配合适当的并列 句和复杂句。简单句可长可短，通常要加些附属成分，如分词短语、介词短语、副词短语、不定式动词 短语，以及节缩成分。

总之，作者可根据情况，使句子多样化，使文章灵活多姿。例如下列五个句子的基本概念一样，但 是句式不同，内容重点也有些差别：

(1) The goats grazed peacefully in the farm and were unaware of the approaching hunter. (并列分句(1)+2)

(2) Grazing peacefully, the goats in the farm were unaware of the approaching hunter. (现在分语短语+简单句)

(3) In the farm, the goats grazed peacefully and were unaware of the approaching hunter. (副词短语+并列分句(1)-(2) )

(4) There were goats grazing peacefully in the farm, unaware of the approaching hunter. (简单句+形容语短语)

(5) As the goats grazed peacefully in the farm, they were unaware of the approaching hunter. (原因副词从句+主句)

(1)和(5)的句式最常见；如果加上其他三种互相交替，句子不是更多样化吗？

最后，看看这两个句子要如何多样化呢？

(6) The young pilot was on his first overseas training.

(7) He felt very uneasy.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(a) The young pilot on his first overseas training felt very uneasy.

(b) The young pilot felt very uneasy during his first overseas training.

(c) The young pilot’’’’’’’’s first overseas training made him feel very uneasy.

(d) Extreme uneasiness seized the young pilot on his first overseas training.

(e) The young pilot was on his first overseas training, feeling very uneasy.

(f) It being his first overseas training, the young pilot felt very uneasy.

(g) Being on his first overseas training, the young pilot felt very uneasy.

(h) The young pilot was on his first overseas training and felt very uneasy.

(i) The young pilot, who was on his first overseas training, felt very uneasy.

(j) When the young pilot was on his/first overseas trainging, he felt very uneasy.

(k) As the young pilot was on his first overseas training, he felt very uneasy.

(l) The young pilot was on his first overseas training, so that he felt very uneasy.

在上述12个句子中，(a)-(g)是简单句；(h)是并列句；(i)-(l)是复杂句。简单句除(b)和(g)之外， 其他五样，用的人并不多。人们最喜欢采用复杂句，尤其是(j)和(k)这两款；接着便是并列句(h)。如果 大多数人的句子只限于(b),(g), (h), (j)和(k)这五种，而其他的则弃如敝屣，不是很可惜吗？

增强英语语句表现力的有效方法 

纵观多年来国家四、六级英语作文考试，考生作文成绩欠佳的主要原因除了准确性和连贯性差之外，语 句软弱无力也是不容忽略的一个方面。因此在英语写作教学中，如何增强语句表现力的问题必须引起我 们足够的重视，以提高学生写作的表达质量。为此，笔者结合自己的写作教学实践，针对该项技能的训 练提出了一些切实可行的有效做法，供广大同仁和英语学习者参考借鉴。

一、避免使用语意弱的“be”动词。 

1、把句中的表语转换为不同的修饰语。例如： 

Weak: The trees are bare. The grass is brown. The landscape seems drab.

Revision:The brown grass and bare trees form a drab landscape. (转换为前置定语)

 Or: The landscape, bare and brown, begged for spring green. (转换为并列结构作后置定 语) 

2、将作表语用的形容词或名词变为行为动词。例如： 

1) Weak: The team members are good players. 

Revision: The team members play well.

2) Weak: One worker’s plan is the elimination of tardiness.

Revision: One worker’s plan eliminates tardiness.

3、在以“here”或“there”开头的句子中，把“be”动词后的名词代词变成改写句的主语。例 如：

1) Weak: There is no opportunity for promotion.

Revision: No opportunity for promotion exists.

2) Weak: Here are the books you ordered.

Revision: The books you ordered have arrived.

二、多用语意具体的动词，保持句意简洁明了。例如：

1、Poor: My supervisor went past my desk.

Better: My supervisor sauntered (=walked slowly) past my desk.

2、Poor: She is a careful shopper.

Better: She compares prices and quality.

三、尽量运用主动语态。例如：

1、Weak: The organization has been supported by charity.

Better: Charity has supported the organization.

2、Weak: The biscuits were stacked on a plate.

Better: Mother stacked the biscuits on a plate.

四、防止使用语意冗长累赘的词语。例如：

1、Wordy: My little sister has a preference for chocolate milk.

Improved: My little sister prefers chocolate milk.

2、Wordy: We are in receipt of your letter and intend to follow your recommendations.

Improved: We have received your letter and intended to follow your recommendation.

3、Redundant: We had a serious crisis at school yesterday when our chemistry laboratory caught fire.

Improved: We had a crisis at school yesterday when our chemistry laboratory caught fire.

4、Redundant: My sister and I bought the same, identical dress in different stores.

Improved: My sister and I bought the same dress in different stores.

五、杜绝滥用陈旧词语或难懂的专业术语。例如：

1、Weak: They will not agree to his proposals in any shape or form.

Improved: They will not agree to any of his proposals.

2、Weak: I need her financial input before I can guesstimate our expenditures next fall.

Improved: I need her financial figures before I can estimate our expenditures next fall. 

写好段落的三个标准（一） 

首先，一个段落必须有一个中心即主题思想，该中心由主题句特别是其中的题旨来表达。整个段落必须 紧扣这个主题(stick or hold to the topic)，这就是段落的统一性(unity)。其次，一个段落必须有若 干推展句，使主题思想得到充分展开，从而给读者一个完整的感觉，这就是完整性(completeness or adequateness)。再者，一个段落不是杂乱无章的，而是有机的组合，句子的排列顺序必须合乎逻 辑，从一个句子到另一个句子的过渡必须流畅(smooth)，这就是连贯性(coherence)。下面我们就对 这三个标准分别加以说明。

1. 统一性

一个段落内的各个句子必须从属于一个中心，任何游离于中心思想之外的句子都是不可取的。请看 下例：

Joe and I decided to take the long trip we’d always wanted across the country. We were like young kids buying our camper and stocking it with all the necessities of life. Bella bakes the best rhubarb pie. We started out in early spring from Minneapolis and headed west across the northern part of the country. We both enjoyed those people we met at the trailer park. Joe received a watch at his retirement dinner. To our surprise, we found that we liked the warm southern regions very much, and so we decided to stay here in New Mexico.

本段的主题句是段首句，controlling idea（中心思想）是take the long trip across the country。文中出现两个irrelevant sentences，一个是Bella bakes the best rhubarb pie，这 一段是讲的是Joe and I ，中间出现一个Bella是不合适的。还有，Joe received a watch at his retirement dinner这一句更是与主题句不相关。考生在四级统考的作文卷上常常因为造出 irrelevant sentences（不相关语句）而丢分，值得引起注意。再看一个例子：

My name is Roseanna, and I like to keep physically fit. I used to weigh two hundred pounds, but I joined the YMCA for an exercise class and diet program. In one year I lost eighty pounds. I feel much better and never want to have that much weight on my five-feet <I>frame</I> again. I bought two new suitcases last week. Everyday I practice jogging three miles, swimming fifteen laps, lifting twenty-pound weights and playing tennis for one hour. My mother was a premature baby.

本段的controlling idea 是like to deep physically fit，但段中有两个irrelevant sentences，一个是I bought two new suitcases last week，另一个是My mother was a premature baby。

从上面两个例子可以看出，native speakers同样会造出来irrelevant sentences。卷面上如 果这种句子多了，造成偏题或离题，那问题就更严重了。 

[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] 下一页