4 微生物细胞融合技术
用于植物和微生物育种是细胞融合技术最基本的应用领域。对微生物而言，该技术主要用于改良微生物菌种特性、提高目的产物的产量、使菌种获得新的性状、合成新产物等。与基因工程技术相结合，使对遗传物质进一步修饰提供了各种各样的可能性[17]。目前，微生物细胞融合的对象已扩展到酵母、霉菌、细菌、放线菌等多种微生物的种间以至属间，不断培育出用于各种领域的新菌种。自1979年匈牙利的Pesti首先利用微生物原生质体融合技术提高青霉素产量以来，开创了原生质体融合技术在实际工作中的应用。微生物细胞融合技术的一项突出应用是生物药品的生产，包括抗生素、生物活性物质、疫苗等，它适用于疾病的诊断、预防及治疗等。另一方面的突出应用就是为发酵工业提供优良菌种，例如日本味之素公司应用细胞融合技术使产生氨基酸的短杆菌杂交，获得比原产量高3倍的赖氨酸产生菌和苏氨酸高产新菌株。酿酒酵母和糖化酵母的种间杂交，分离子后代中个别菌株具有糖化和发酵的双重能力。日本国税厅酿造试验所用该技术获得了优良的高性能谢利酵母来酿制西班牙谢利白葡萄酒获得了成功。
在基础理论方面，研究外源DNA转化、质粒转移、基因定位、病毒传递以及核与核、核与质之间的关系等已取得重大进展。
参考文献(略)
Applicational Development of Cell Fusion Techniques
HUO Nai－rui1, MENG Li－mei 2
(1.College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University,Taigu，Shanxi,030801,China;2.Taiyuan Husbandry and Veterinary College of Shanxi Agricultural University,Taiyuan,Shanxi, 030001,China)
Abstract：As the one core technique of the cellular engineering，the cell fusion technique has obtained the creative achievements in the field of agriculture，industry and medicine,and its application has been increasing. It provided a powerful tool in the theoretical research on the cytoplasma-nuclear relationship, gene location and regulation, genetic complement, cellular immunity, oncogenesis, kinetics of membrane proteins et al, and was widely used in the immunology, genetics and developmental biology.It is also very important in the production of McAb and antitumor vaccine, breeding of plant, animal and microbe, mapping of the gene map and so on. As the constant improvement and further study of the cell fusion technique, the impact of the technique on animal, plant and microbe cell fusion will be increasingly dramatic both on the theoretical research and on the practical application.
key words: cell fusion; application
