研究历史 some constellation of metabolic disturbances, all risk factors for cardiovascular disease, was first described in the 1920s by Kylin, a Swedish physician, as the clustering of hypertension（高血压）, hyperglycaemia（高血糖症）, and gout（痛风）。 in 1947, Vague drew attention to upper body adiposity (android or male-type obesity) as the obesity phenotype that was commonly associated with metabolic abnormalities associated with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. In 1988, Reaven noted that several risk factors for CVD (eg, dyslipidemia, hypertension, hyperglycemia) commonly cluster together. This clustering he called Syndrome X. Reaven and subsequently others postulated that insulin resistance underlies Syndrome X, hence the commonly used term Insulin Resistance Syndrome. Other researchers use the term Metabolic Syndrome and Deadly Quartet for this clustering of metabolic risk factors.